多媒体专业英语第一课词汇和语法

Vocabulary
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convey
v[T]
1.fml to take or carry something from one place to another
[正式]传送，运送（某物）
We were conveyed to the palace in a fleet of Jaguars.
我们有一队积架牌汽车接送至宫殿。
jaguar n.美洲虎 palace n.宫, 宫殿
2. to make your feelings, ideas or thoughts known to other people
传达；表达（感情、观点、思想）：
I can’t convey how angry I feel.
我说不出有多愤怒。

refer to
phr v
1. [T refer to sbdy/sthg] to mention or speak about someone or some thing
提到，谈及（某人、某事）：
Which companies did the prime minister refer to in his speech?
首相在演讲中提到了哪家公司？
He didn’t refer to Jack in his letter.
他在信中没有提到杰克。
He referred to her simply as “my friend”.
他只称她为“我的朋友”。
2. [T refer to sthg] to look at something in order to get information
参阅，参考，参照（某物）：
Refer to a dictionary if you don’t know what this word means.
如果你不明白这单词是什么意思，查一下词典。

experience
n
1. [U] knowledge or skill which comes from doing or feeling something for a long time rather than from books
经验；体验：
a teacher with five years experience
有五年教学经验的老师
I know from experience that it won’t work.
根据经验我知道这不会起作用。
2. [C] something that happens to you and has an effect on your mind and feelings
经历；阅历：
Our journey by camel was quite an experience.
我们骑骆驼旅行真是一次难忘的经历。
v experienced, experiencing
[T] to feel, or to be influenced by something that happens
经历；体验：
The country is experiencing a sharp economic decline.
这个国家正在经历一场急剧的经济衰退。
She’s experienced a few difficulties at work recently.
最近她在工作上经历了一些困难。

as
conj
1. used when you are comparing things, or saying that they are like each other in some way
像•••一样：
He’s not quite as brilliant as his brother is.
他不像他兄弟那样聪明。
brilliant adj. 灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的
She can run just as fast as I can.
她能跑得和我一样快。
She failed the exam, just as I had done the year before.
她考试没及格，与我前一年的情况一样。
2. while something is happening
当•••的时候：
As I was getting onto the bus, I realized that I had left my purse at home.
我上公共汽车时，才发觉把钱包落在家里了。
He called to me as I walked past.
我走过时他叫了我一声。
I talked to each of the guests as they arrived.
客人到达时，我跟每一位都谈了几句。
3. because
As it was now November, it was getting quite cold.
现在已经是十一月了，天气变得相当冷。
I didn’t bother to stop and chat to Sarah, as I had spoken to her earlier that day.
我没有停下来与萨拉聊天，因为那天早些时候我已经和她说过话了。
As you’re so clever, perhaps you can sort our this problem for us!
你这么聪明，也许能为我们解决这个问题！
4. though
Tired as I was, I was determined to get the job finished.
我尽管累，还是决定把工作做完。
5. as it is in fact
事实上；实际上：
I hoped things might get better, but as it is they seem to be getting worse!
我原希望情况会好转，但实际上似乎越来越糟！
6. as it were a phrase used when you are saying that something is true in a certain way
可以说是；似乎就是：
He is my best friend, my brother, as it ware.
他是我最好的朋友，可以说如同我的兄弟。
7. as well also 也：
Dick came up to London with us. Judy came as well.
迪克和我们一起来伦敦，朱迪也来了。

intend
v
1. [I] to have the intention of doing something
想要；打算；意欲：
I had to leave sooner than I had intended.
我得比原来打算的早一些离开。
I intended to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time.
我原打算赶早班火车，但我没及时起床。
He didn’t intend to cause so much unhappiness.
他并不想弄得这么不开心。
2. [T] to mean someone or something to be or do something
打算使•••成为；意思是••• ：
The flowers were intended for you.
这些花原是要给你的。
It was intended as jike.
这只是想开个玩笑罢了。
It was intended to be cooked slowly.
这个东西原打算用慢火煮的。
He didn’t intend them to wait for him.
他没打算让他们等他。

enhance
v enhanced, enhancing
[T] to increase the quality, value, or beauty of something
增加，提高（品质、价值）；美化：
Passing the examination should enhance your chances of getting a job.
通过考试该会增加你找到工作的机会。

transcend
v [T] lit to go beyond the limits of something
[文] 超越（界限）：
The wish for peace transcended political differences.
人们对和平的愿望超过了政治上的分歧。

present
v [T]
1. to give something to someone, especially at an official ceremony
赠给，献给，呈给（尤指在正式场合）：
He presented a silver cup to the winner.
他把银杯给了获胜者。
When she left the company, the director presented her with a set of golf clubs.
她离开这家公司时，董事赠给她一套高尔夫球杆。
2.to be the cause of a problem or difficulty
引起（问题或困难）：
His resignation presented us with rather a tricky situation.
他的辞职令我们的处境相当尴尬。
tricky [] adj. 狡猾的; 机智的; 不易处理的, 需要技巧的
3.to show to the public in a theatre, cinema, etc.
上演，上映（戏剧、电影等）：
The local theatre company is presenting “Hamlet” next week.
当地的剧团将于下周上演《哈姆雷特》。
4.to introduce a television or radio show
介绍（电视剧或广播剧）
5.fml to introduce someone in an official way, especially to someone important
[正式]介绍（尤指引见给重要人物）：
May I present Mr. Jobbings?
请允许我介绍一下贾宾斯先生。

go through
phr v
1. [T go through sthg] to suffer or experience something unpleasant
经历（不愉快的事）：
I couldn’t go through another experience like that.
那样的事再经历一次我可受不了。
Let’s hope we never have to go through another war.
但愿我们千万不要再经历一次战争。
2. [I;T go through sthg] to be accepted and approved
被接受；被通过：
The government proposed a change to the tax law, but it never went through.
政府建议修改税法，但从未通过。
The Bill has now gone through Parliament.
该提案现已在国会获得通过。
3. [T go through sthg] to read, look at, or explain something carefully
仔细阅读[检查、解释]：
I went through the article again.
我又把文章认真看了一遍。
I went through the whole house looking for my purse.
我为找我的钱包翻遍了整个房间。
Could you go through that last point again?
你能把最后一点再解释一遍吗？

as opposed to
rather than 而不是；与•••对比：
We’re talking about business practice as opposed to theory.
我们在谈论经营的实践，而不是理论。

coordinate
v coordinated, coordinating
[T] to organize people or things so that they work together effectively
使协调：
We need to coordinate our efforts.
我们需要协调一下我们的努力。

Grammar
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分词结构
1、 分词的形式

现在式 完成式 过去式
主动语态： Finding Having found ---------
被动语态： Being found Having been found Found

2、 用分词连接句子

几个简单句可以合并成一个内含主句+分词或不定式结构的句子。
He walked out of the room. He slammed the door behind him.
他走出屋子。他随手砰地关上了门。
He walked out of the room, slamming the door behind him.
他走出屋子并随手砰地关上了门。

If you want to order a vehicle, you have to pay a deposit.
如果你想订购一辆汽车，你就必须交付押金。
To order a vehicle, you have to pay a deposit.
订购一辆汽车，你必须交付押金。
When ordering a vehicle, you have to pay a deposit.
订购汽车时，你必须交付押金。

3、 现在分词代替从句

3.1 分词结构代替并列小句

She lay awake all night and recalled the events of the day.
她彻夜不眠，回想着一天的事。
She lay awake all night, recalling the events of the day.

3.2 现在分词结构代替时间从句

现在分词可以用于时间连词after, before, since, when和while之后，但不能用于像as, as soon as, directly, until等连词之后：

Since I phoned you this morning, I have changed my plans.
从我今天早上给你打电话以后，我就改变了计划。
Since phoning you this morning, I have changed my plans.
从今天早上给你打了电话以后，我就改变了计划。

3.3 现在分词结构代替原因从句

As I was anxious to please him, I bought him a nice present.
因为我急于讨好他，我给他买了一件精美礼品。
Being anxious to please him, I bought him a nice present.
由于急于讨好他，我给他买了一件精美礼品。

3.4 现在分词结构代替条件从句

If you are traveling north, you must change at Leeds.
如果你要去北方旅行，你必须在利兹换车。
If traveling north, you must change at Leeds.
如果到北方旅行，你必须在利兹换车。

Unless you pay by credit card, please pay in cash.
请付现金，除非你使用信用卡。
Unless paying by credit card, please pay in cash.
请付现金，除非使用信用卡。

3.5 现在分词代替让步从句

While he admitted that he had received the stolen jewellery, he denied having taken part in the robbery.
尽管他承认收受了盗窃的珠宝，但他否认参与了抢劫案。
While admitting that he received the stolen jewellery, he denied having taken part in the robbery.
尽管承认收受了盗窃的珠宝，但他否认参与了抢劫案。

3.6 现在分词结构代替关系从句

The train which is arriving at Platform 8 is the 17:50 from Crewe.
即将进8号站台的列车是17：50从克鲁开来的。
The train arriving at Platform 8 is the 17:50 from Crewe.

4、 分词完成式结构

分词完成式结构可以代替具有现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时的从句。分词完成式结构所表示的动作永远发生在主句所表的动作之前。

We have invited him here to speak, so we’d better go to his lecture.
我们邀请他来这儿讲演，所以我们最好去听讲。
Having invited him here to speak, we’d better go to his lecture.

I have been made redundant, so I’m going abroad.
我被定成了超编人员，所以我打算出国。
Having been made redundant, I’m going abroad.

5、 being和having been引导的分词结构

He is so ill he can’t go back to work yet.
他病得厉害，还不能回去工作。
Being so ill, he can’t go back to work yet.

6、 避免现在分词结构所引起的歧义

分词与谓语动词必须同用一个主语：
Reading my newspaper, I heard the doorbell ring.
读报纸时，我听到门铃响了。
*Reading my newspaper, the doorbell rang.*

当分词结构跟在宾语之后时，它必须与宾语相关联。
I found him lying on the floor.(=He was lying on the floor.)
我发现他躺在地板上。

7、 过去分词结构代替从句

7.1 过去分词结构代替被动语态

When it was viewed from a distance the island of Nepenthe looked like a cloud.
从远处眺望时，尼彭西岛就像一朵云。
Viewed from a distance, the island of Nepenthe like a cloud.
从远处眺望，尼彭西岛就像一朵云。

7.2 过去分词结构代替状语从句

Although it was built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.
虽然发动机是战前造的，但仍然工作良好。
Although built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.

If you are accepted for this post, you will be informed by May 1st.
如果你同意任此职，到5月1日你将得到通知。
If accepted for this post, you will be informed by May 1st.

Unless it is changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers.
这项法令除非进行修改，否则将给农民的生活造成困难。
Unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers.

After/When we were informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangements.
在我们得知飞机要推迟起飞后，我们另作了安排。
After/On being informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangements.

7.3 过去分词结构代替关系从句

将which + be删去后，即可用过去分词结构代替限制性从句：

The system which is used in this school is very successful.
这个学校所施行的制度是非常成功的。
The system used in this school is very successful.

7.4 避免过去分词结构所引起的歧义

Seated in the presidential car, the President waved to the crowd.
总统坐在专车里，向人群挥手。
*Seated in the presidential car, the crowd waved to the President*.

We preferred the house painted white.
我们倒喜欢那座漆成白色的房子。
*Painted white, we preferred…*.